![]() This has made it possible to follow their development using time-lapsed video-microscopy, and watch the embryo as it grows ANCHOR. Unlike rodents, avian embryos can be easily studied and manipulated as they grow by removing a small section of the eggshell. The American bobwhite quail is also frequently used in toxicity studies, particularly of chemicals which are intended for use, and which will therefore have environmental impact in North America. There are now detailed studies of quail histology, anatomy and breeding that provide reliable reference texts for researchers, and the Japanese quail has become a common laboratory species. In 1961 they published a detailed developmental atlas of the quail, charting the stages of quail development. During the 1900s quails were bred in Japan for their eggs and meat, and while these strains were largely lost during the Second World War, new domesticated lines have been re-established, and are now used in laboratories all over the world.Ĭ japonica was first described as a research model by Padgett and Ivey in 1959 ANCHOR, who saw it as a practical animal for the study of development. The species is thought to have developed through the domestication of the common quail in China during the 11th Century, and to have been brought to Japan in the 12th Century, where they were bred as domestic songbirds. The Japanese quail is considered a separate species from the common quail, Coturnix corturnix which is found throughout Europe, Asia, Africa and India, and is not a close relative of either the American bobwhite quail, Colinus viginianus or the Californian quail Lorphortyx california. It’s relatively short lifespan and physiological similarities to humans make it useful in the study of aging and disease while its 16-day developmental period and easily accessible embryo make it a suitable model for developmental biology. The most commonly used is the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. It was concluded that photo-stimulation at 40 days of age not only improves reproductive and egg quality traits but also gives the consistency in all respects of these traits.Over the last 50 years quails have proved research animals. Photo-stimulation at 40 days of age significantly influence the infertile, hatchability, dead germ, dead in shell %. Birds stimulated at 40 days of age showed improved yolk index and Haugh unit score. Study revealed that the photo-stimulating the birds at 35 days improve egg weight and hatchling weight. Reproduction performance (fertile egg, hatchability, dead germ, dead in shell percent and hatchling body weight) and egg characteristics (egg weight, shell thickness, yolk index and Haugh unit) were evaluated. Treatment consisted 3 different ages of photostimulation (30, 35 and 40 days). A completely randomized design with three treatment of 5 replicates with 15 female and 5 male each, was applied. In total 225 females and 75 males of 5 week old were studied. To develop specific practice for quail production and to optimize the best age for photo-stimulation present experiment was conducted. ![]() ![]() Light plays an important role in controlling the age at sexual maturity in birds attaining sexual maturity at an appropriate age and weight is the key to reproductive success and the present study was an effort in the same direction. ![]()
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